Batch Learning Hacks and Standards – Mini Batch

In the modern age where machines have overtaken humans in many areas, it is fascinating to see how machines learn just by looking at data, analyzing it and making decisions based on the processed data, but also simple as it may seem, it's not that easy when you do it yourself.

If you are working with offline machine learning, the main reason is probably the offline server and the lower cost of offline machine learning compared to online machine learning, but you may still find yourself in trouble when you don't have high specs. machine and you need to run a big application. However, there is no need to worry if you are familiar with the concept of mini lots.

Before we dive into the mini-batch summary, I'd like to go over some basic machine learning concepts that include epoch and weight. These will make mini-lots easier to understand.

So, let's talk about weight in machine learning first. According to Deepai.org

“  Weight is the parameter of a neural network that transforms input data into the hidden layers of the network. A neural network is a series of nodes, or neurons. Within each node is a set of inputs, a weight, and a bias value. »

Simply put, you can say the weight is the machine learning algorithm you created.

The word epoch in machine learning refers to a full cycle of training and updating machine learning algorithms.

Mini Batch Teach

Before introducing mini-batches, let's imagine a scenario where you have a model for a training set with millions of images. When you run this model, all the images will go through the model, analyze the data and the corresponding output will be generated, and after all this process the weight will be updated. This is the standard rule of offline learning and as you may have noticed this process can take a long time and if there are any issues with your hardware the whole process can be ruined. This is where mini-lots come in and solve all these problems.

Now let's imagine the same scenario again but with the concept of mini batch learning.

In mini batch learning this big chunk of millions of images will be divided into smaller batches called mini batches to be executed one by one, the mini batches will also be for input and output.

In this scenario, the smaller batches will be taken one by one as input and the algorithm data will be analyzed, errors will be removed and based on this the weight will be updated. This process will continue until the last mini batch is analyzed and the algorithm is updated. It doesn't matter how many such datasets there are. It can be a single epoch or thousands of epochs, it doesn't matter because we give our neural network a massive amount to run, analyze and update the weights.

Mini lot size

The reason for using mini batches is that we can run smaller batches in the neural network to run and update the weight more frequently and that's why we need to set the mini batch size properly so to make the most of it. There are some standards to define the size of a mini lot and the highest priority is that the size of the mini lot should be in number, and this number should be decided very carefully because if the number is very large, the execution will take time and the neural network will be updated less frequently, which will eventually decrease accuracy. If we use a smaller value, we will update the neural network more frequently. It can also produce erroneous results if any of the datasets are misguided and updates will also be done frequently which can slow down the processing speed and increase the time it takes, that's why it's important to use lots of batch sizes, not too big and not too small either. Generally, the lot size is set to the power of 2.

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PCFolks Guide to Motherboards Buying Guide?

Buying a motherboard without proper guidance is like taking any trip without knowing the destination. It's an easy process, but finding the right thing without proper guidelines is not possible and recommended. You need to understand the math of selecting a powerful motherboard. It's not a simple motherboard that can't handle the load, but you need a powerful motherboard that delivers the best performance no matter how heavy the task you are doing.

So I will list some important things you should keep in mind before buying a motherboard for yourself. The things I am going to list are never listed on other websites. So it's best to read the entire article. You must not miss a single word as I am releasing valuable information through this article.

Before diving into the list, let me share one thing. This article covers all that is needed regarding motherboards. Without PC Folks this was not possible as Gens du PC shared great information on motherboards and other computer accessories. So don't forget to visit this website for more stuff like this.

Now on to our main point: the motherboard buying guide. Here are the things we will discuss:

1. Computer accessories
2. Form factor
3. Chipset and Socket
4. PCI slots
5. DIMM slots
6. Bluetooth and Wi-Fi

These 6 things should be prioritized. When these elements have the latest quality on your motherboard, you can achieve exceptional performance.

Computer accessories

Most people will think that's a bad suggestion, but it's fine if you understand our point. Deciding what accessories you are going to install on your motherboard is the first thing you need to decide because when you have purchased a motherboard, it will be a problem if that accessory does not fit in it.

So, before buying a motherboard, you need to decide which components you want to install. Let me clarify this with an example. If you want to install a Ryzen 9 5600X processor and an AMD RADEON RX 6800 XT GPU, you must select a motherboard with the caliber to contain these components. Ryzen 9 5600X is a powerful CPU with 6 cores and 12 threads, while RADEON RX 6800 XT is a powerful GPU with 16 memories.

These components are incredibly powerful, so your motherboard's VRM and form factor need to be strong enough to hold these behemoths. Small motherboards won't even let you install these things. So it would be better if you have a powerful motherboard to install these items. We want you to decide on the accessories first, then buy your motherboard.

Form factor

When deciding on power parts, you need to find the perfect form factor that contains those power parts. We will clarify this step by giving an example. Motherboards come in many shapes, ATX, Micro-ATX and E-ATX. When your power supply parts are decided, you need to find the perfect form factor to install these power supply components.

Let's say you want to create a small PC Build. Buying an ATX motherboard is not good for small builds because you have small components to install. The Mini-ITX is therefore the best choice when you have decided to build a small configuration. This is the first example of building a small PC, but your power components are heavy when you want to build a heavy PC.

For these components, you need to buy a motherboard with more space. Let's say you want to build a PC where you will record, edit and render videos in 1080p quality. The CPUs and GPUs that perform best on 1080p quality videos are Intel Core i7-10700K and NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2070. When we see their power, we get infinite memory. The installation of these parts is therefore not recommended on a Mini-ITX motherboard.

It would be better to have a standard ATX motherboard or an E-ATX motherboard to fit these things well. When you use these motherboards to install these 2 items, your video editing will be easier and the life of your power supply part will also increase. This way you will be able to complete your work efficiently. So that's what you need to look at when deciding on the form factor.

Chipset and socket

Most people recommend looking at the socket only, but looking at the motherboard chipset is also necessary because the chipset plays an important role in speeding up your PC.

When you look at the plug, you have to see its holding capacity. Suppose your motherboard socket can hold powerful processors such as 9th, 10th, and 11th generation Intel processors. Then installing powerful processors is not a problem, so always look for motherboards that have powerful sockets so that you can install each processor whenever needed.

PCI slots

Every motherboard has PCI slots, but very few people can figure out how it works. Having PCI slots is not enough because power is everything. When your motherboard's PCI slots have no power, they're useless because they can't install the stuff you want.

Expansion or PCI slots install graphics cards or have a slot-like appearance. Their operations are performed through the PCI Express revision that each slot carries. This is where people are trapped.

Installing a graphics card is easy, but does the slot you choose have the potential to deliver the full power of your graphics card? This is where people get confused. They don't know which location to choose and install. On the official page of your motherboard vendor, you can see the revision of each slot.

PCIe 5.0 is the latest revision right now. So always look for motherboards with a PCIe 5.0 or PCIe 4.0 revision. When your motherboard PCI slots support this revision, your PC Build will have the potential to work the way you want.

DIMM slots

DIMM slots are used to install RAM, and RAM technology has improved dramatically. People especially video editors and gamers use DDR4 and DDR5 RAM to get maximum speed for their videos and games. Motherboards with DDR4 and DDR5 slots are quite powerful. So that's what you need to look at when selecting a motherboard. If your motherboard DIMM slots support the latest RAM, you can get good results in any case. And that's what gamers and video editors want. They want their motherboard to perform as they need. This is only possible when you act on the advice we have given.

To wrap up

We have mentioned the 6 most important things to consider before buying a motherboard. The first thing we mentioned is very important and people don't even talk about it. I hope you thoroughly enjoyed reading this article. If you have any questions, you can ask them by leaving a comment. We will try to resolve your issues as we respond well to feedback we receive.

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Create a document from Gmail to print it quickly

Sometimes there are important emails that you need to print. To format it correctly, the old ways were to copy-paste the contents of the email into MS Word and then hit the print button. If you use Gmail, there is a faster way. You can enable the Create Document Lab feature from Settings and connect Gmail to Google Docs seamlessly.

Create document from any email in Gmail

Step 1. Log into your Gmail account. Click the gear icon at the top right of the window and choose Settings form the menu.

Step 2 . Click on the Labs tab and scroll down the list of available labs to locate the Create Document feature.

Step 3. Click the Allow next to Create Document and then the Save Changes button at the bottom of the page. Gmail will reload.

Step 4. Open the message you want to print – Click the Next button – choose Create Document to save the message as a Google Docs file.

You can then format it and send it for printing or download it as a Word document or PDF file.

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How to Fix Valorant FPS Drops or Low FPS on Windows PC

Are you facing the issue of FPS drops when playing Valorant? Does Valorant FPS drop to 0 or 1 or a low number? Here is a complete guide to fix FPS drops or low FPS issue in Valorant on your Windows 11/10 PC.

Valorant is a popular first-person hero shooter developed by Riot Games. However, many players have experienced frame rate drops while playing Valorant games. If you are one of those who are facing the same problem, we have what you need. Here we are going to mention several working fixes that will allow you to fix FPS drop and FPS issues in Valorant.

What causes FPS drops in Valorant?

Here are the main reasons that can cause framerate drops in Valorant:

• If you haven't installed all recent Windows updates, then this can be a reason for this problem.
• Outdated graphics drivers can cause the issue of low FPS in Valorant. If the scenario applies to you, update all of your graphics drivers.
• Valorant's low frame rate may be the result of your laptop's power plan if it's set to battery saver mode.
• In case too many programs are running in the background, especially resource-intensive apps, this can lead to the issue of FPS drops in Valorant. In this case, try closing background programs.
• Bad graphics settings in Valorant can be another reason for the problem.
• If you are using a gaming mouse and it has a high polling rate, this could be another cause.

Depending on the scenario that applies to you, you can try any of the fixes mentioned below.

Fix for Valorant FPS drops or low FPS on Windows PC

Here are the methods you can try to fix Valorant FPS crashing issue in Windows 11:

1. Make sure you have installed all Windows updates.
2. Change your PC's power plan.
3. Update your graphics driver.
4. Enable game mode in Windows 11.
5. Close all background programs.
6. Stop using skins with effects.
7. Adjust the game's graphics settings.
8. Reduce your mouse polling rate.
9. Disable the Game DVR function.
10. Troubleshoot issues in clean boot state.

1]Make sure you have installed all Windows Updates

The first thing to do to fix this problem is to make sure that you have installed all available Windows updates. New updates fix bugs and improve your PC's performance. So make sure to keep your PC up to date.

In Windows 11, you can open the Settings app using the keyboard shortcut Windows + I, then navigate to the Windows Update tab. Here, click on the Check for Updates button and then download and install all available updates for your PC. See if that fixes the problem for you.

2]Change your PC power plan

You can also try changing your PC's power plan to fix the problem. Usually the power mode is set to Balanced mode which is used to save your battery life. However, if you want to get the best performance from your system, especially when playing games, you will need to change the power settings.

To change your power plan in Windows 11, you can follow the steps below:

1. First, launch the Settings app by pressing Windows + I keyboard shortcut.
2. Now go to System > Power & Battery section.
3. Under the Power section, click on the Power Mode drop-down option.
4. From the available modes, select Best Performance mode.
5. You can now start playing games in Valornat and see if the FPS drop issue is fixed, or at least the performance is better than before.

3]Update your graphics driver

Haven't updated your graphics drivers for a long time? Well, you definitely need to keep your graphics and other drivers updated all the time. Graphics drivers play an important role in PC games. Faulty or old/outdated graphics drivers are the common cause of game stuttering. So, update your graphics drivers and hopefully that will fix the problem for you.

You can try updating graphics drivers manually through optional updates. Or, you can also update all your graphics drivers automatically using free driver updater software. Another good option for updating your graphics card is to get the latest directly from the manufacturer's official website.

4]Enable Game Mode in Windows 11

You can also try enabling game mode in Windows 11 to fix FPS drop in Valorant. Game Mode is basically used to prioritize your gaming experience, so when you play a game, Windows prevents background updates and improves the frame rate. You can enable Game Mode by opening the Settings app and going to the Games tab. Here, click on Game Mode option and then enable it. This might fix the problem for you.

5]Close all background programs

If there are too many apps and programs running in the background, you should consider closing them before starting Valorant. So, open Task Manager (using Ctrl+Shift+Esc keyboard shortcut), then close all resource-intensive programs one by one. After that, restart the Valorant game and see if the FPS is improved now.

6]Stop using skins with effects

If you are using a fancy skin in Valorant, this could be the main cause of low FPS in Valorant. So try disabling the skin if you are using one then check if the issue is resolved or not.

7]Adjust the game graphics settings

Incorrect graphics settings can be the main culprit for low FPS in Valorant according to various users. In this case, you can adjust the graphics settings of the game in Valorant. First, try lowering the graphics settings of the game then check if the issue is resolved. Otherwise, you can try again to adjust the graphics settings in Valorant and apply the configuration that suits you.

8]Reduce your mouse polling rate

If you are using a gaming mouse, you can try lowering its polling rate to improve FPS in Valorant. You can open your gaming mouse settings and then try lowering its polling rate or reporting rate. If your gaming mouse has dedicated buttons to adjust the polling rate, you can use them to lower the polling rate.

9]Disable Game DVR function

The Game DVR feature allows you to record your gameplay in the background. If the Game DVR feature is enabled, it can slow down your gaming experience and cause FPS drops in Valorant. So, in this case, turn off the Game DVR feature on your PC to fix the problem. To do this, you can follow the steps below:

First, open the Registry Editor application.

Now navigate to the following key in the address bar:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\System\GameConfigStore

Next, double-click the GameDVR_Enabled DWORD in the right panel and set its value to 0.

Similarly, double-click the GameDVR_FSEBehaviourMode DWORD and set its value to 0.

After that navigate to the following key:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\PolicyManager\default\ApplicationManagement\AllowGameDVR

Next, double click on the Evaluate DWORD in the right panel and change its value to 0.

When done, close Registry Editor and then restart your PC. See if that fixes the problem for you.

10]Troubleshooting in Clean Boot State

If none of the above solutions work for you, you can try performing a clean boot. Clean Boot starts Windows with only essential startup programs and drivers. This might help you improve FPS in Valorant and fix the issue for you. Here are the main steps to perform a clean boot in Windows 11:

1. First, open the run dialog using Windows + R keyboard shortcut.
2. Now enter msconfig in it to open the system configuration window.
3. Then go to the Services tab and enable the Hide all Microsoft services checkbox.
4. After that, click on the Disable All button and then enable the VGC service. This service is essential to make Valorant work.
5. Then go to the Startup tab, press the Open task manager button and disable all startup programs.
6. Now go back to the System Configuration window and click the Apply > OK button.
7. Finally, restart your PC and see if the issue is resolved.

How to increase Valorant's FPS on a low-end PC?

To run Valorant with high FPS on a low-end PC, there are a few tricks you can try, including the ones we mentioned in this article. Try lowering your game settings in Valorant, closing all your background apps, or enabling game mode. Another thing you can try is setting the Valorant program priority to high. For that, open Task Manager, go to the Details tab, locate the Valorant program, right-click on it, then select the Set priority > High option.

Is 150 FPS good for Valorant?

120 FPS is the recommended minimum FPS for Valorant. So 150 FPS is good for Valorant. You can enjoy a good gaming experience in Valorant with 150 FPS.

That's it!

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